Introduction
Requirements for using the Z-test statistic
From Z-value to Z-score Using Empirical Data
Digression: The Central Limit Theorem, the Standard Normal Distribution, and Statistical Tests
Arriving at Probabilities for Continuous Data Using the Z-test and Probability Tables
From Data to Probability Estimates: The Method of Standardizing
Confidence Interval, α-levels, and Type I Errors
Connecting Data to the Test: The Calculated Value and the p-Level
The p-Value and Its Meaning
Steps in Hypothesis Testing Using the Z-test
Reflecting on the Confidence Level and Calculating the Confidence Interval
Types of Hypothesis Tests Using the Normal Distribution
Z-tests for Proportions
Summary
Appendix: Z-Tests and Sampling Size